Everything that has been presented here so far is essential to know, no matter whether one is planning to write in Russian or in English—they are simply things that all authors must know and do to publish internationally. This is also true for what is in the next section, about journal instructions and requirements, everyone must know about them. But this point in the process is clearly the time to decide how the article will be created in terms of language.

In the experience of what is now the Center for Academic Writing at TSU over the past 5+ years, the most success has been achieved by authors who write in English or put their writing in English themselves at the first possible opportunity (for example, making notes in Russian but then developing the article in English). This seems to be because:

- these authors have been reading articles in English to research and develop their topic;

- it’s not only the words themselves that are different, but the overall style and academic style of Russian and English that are very different (and different in different fields);

- if translators do not know the scientific topic, and if they have not been trained in English academic style, translations are often called “bad English” and rejected, even though the words themselves have been translated, because they still cannot be understood; and

- journal requirements, including journal style requirements, must be followed (see below), no matter what the author's native language is.  

Especially in the physical sciences, mathematics, and medicine, many authors have found it more efficient to write in English from the earliest possible point, and definitely before the article is completely written out, following the requirements and style of the journal (see below). It can be very useful to choose several model articles, similar in topic and from the same journal or another reputable one, to refer to for language. These models can be especially helpful if the article is in the social sciences and humanities, where there may be many abstract concepts to describe. 

Your review of what has been published on your topic in English is the perfect time to be watching for articles that would be useful as models and then studying them closely for language and style in addition to content.